Coastal wetlands are a crucial buffer zone between land and sea but lateral erosion GLA BORAGE OIL threatens their long-term sustainability.Better understanding of the forces leading to lateral marsh retreat will benefit the assessment of management options applied to mitigate the erosion.Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Light Detection and Rangin

The outflow of freshwater from underwater channels in the Kongsbreen tidal glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, 79oN, was measured as 138.8 m3 s-1 at the peak of the melting season.Experiments on local marine plankton mortality show that when exposed to salinities below 9 PSU, GLA BORAGE OIL all copepods die within 15 minutes.We estimate that during